What to Do When a Fire Breaks Out: A Step-by-Step Survival Guide for India

In a fire, the first three minutes are the most critical. Panic, poor decisions, or simply not knowing what to do can turn a survivable situation into a tragedy. This guide gives you a clear, action-oriented plan based on fire safety standards and real-world incidents in India.

The RACE Protocol — Used by Fire Professionals

If you discover or suspect a fire, use the RACE sequence:

1. R — Rescue: Immediately move anyone in immediate danger to safety (if it is safe for you to do so).
2. A — Alarm: Sound the nearest manual call point or shout "FIRE!" loudly to alert others. Call 101 (fire brigade) immediately.
3. C — Contain: Close all doors between you and the fire. A closed door can hold back fire and smoke for 15–30 minutes, giving valuable evacuation time.
4. E — Evacuate: Leave the building via the nearest safe staircase. Do NOT use the lift.

If You Are Trapped by Smoke

• Stay low to the ground — clean air is below the smoke layer (within 30–60 cm of the floor).
• Cover your nose and mouth with a wet cloth if available.
• Close yourself in a room, seal the gap under the door with clothing, and signal from a window.
• Call 101 and give your exact floor and room number.
• Do NOT open a door that is hot to the touch — this indicates fire on the other side.

When to Use a Fire Extinguisher — and When NOT to

Only attempt to fight a fire yourself if:

• The fire is small and contained (e.g., a wastebasket or stovetop).
• You have a clear evacuation route behind you.
• You are trained in using a fire extinguisher.
• The room is not yet filling with smoke.

Do NOT attempt to fight the fire if any of the above conditions are not met. Evacuate immediately.

The PASS Technique for Using a Fire Extinguisher

1. P — Pull the safety pin.
2. A — Aim the nozzle at the base of the fire (not the flames).
3. S — Squeeze the handle to release the extinguishing agent.
4. S — Sweep from side to side at the base of the fire until it is out.

After You Evacuate

• Proceed to your building's designated assembly point — typically marked on the evacuation plan posted on every floor.
• Report to the floor warden for a headcount. Do not re-enter the building under any circumstances until the fire brigade gives the all-clear.
• If someone is missing, inform the fire brigade immediately — never go back in to look for them yourself.

Important Emergency Numbers in India

• Fire Brigade: 101
• National Emergency: 112
• Ambulance: 108

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